Publications:

Books

THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN CONSTITUTION: THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, 1941–1953 (2006).

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES JR.: THE SUPREME COURT AND AMERICAN LEGAL THOUGHT (with SOPHIE W. LITTLEFIELD) (2005).

THE LOST WORLD OF CLASSICAL LEGAL THOUGHT: LAW AND IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA, 1886–1937 (1998).

AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY: CASES AND MATERIALS, (with KERMIT L. HALL & PAUL FINKELMAN) (2nd ed. 1996).

THE OXFORD COMPANION TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES (with KERMIT L. HALL, et al.) (1992).

AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY: CASES AND MATERIALS (with KERMIT L. HALL & PAUL FINKELMAN) (1991).

LIBERTY UNDER LAW: THE SUPREME COURT IN AMERICAN LIFE (1988).

CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A MODERNIZING SOCIETY: THE UNITED STATES, 1803–1917 (1985).

NUCLEAR AMERICA: MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NUCLEAR POWER IN THE UNITED STATES, 1940–1980 (1984).

EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW: CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 1835–1982 (1982).

THE SOURCES OF ANTISLAVERY CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AMERICA, 1760–1848 (1977).

THE GUARANTEE CLAUSE OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION (1972).

Law Review and Other Scholarly Articles

Beyond the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Confronting Structural Racism in the Workplace (with Judy L. Hamilton), 74 LA. L. REV. 1095 (2014).

Structural Racism and the Law in America Today: An Introduction, 100 KY. L.J. 1 (2011).

Justice David J. Brewer and “the Constitution in Exile,” 33 J. SUP. CT. HIST. 170 (2008).

The Emergence of Equality as a Constitutional Value: The First Century, 82 CHI. KENT L. REV. 233 (2007).

The Debut of Modern Constitutional Procedure, 26 REV. LITIG. 641 (2007).

Synoptic of United States Supreme Court Decisions Affecting the Rights of African-Americans, 1873–1940, 4 BARRY L. REV. 21 (2003).

The Legal Foundations of Domestic Anticommunism: The Background of Dennis v. United States, 2001 SUP. CT. REV. 375 (2002).

Felix Frankfurter, Incorporation, and the Willie Francis Case, 26 J. SUP. CT. HIST. 53 (2001).

The Origins of the Law of Slavery in British North America, 17 CARDOZO L. REV. 1711 (1996). Gladly Wolde He Teche: Students, Canon, and Supreme Court History, 1995 J. SUP. CT. HIST. 11 (1995).

Constitutional Snipe Hunt, 23 RUTGERS L.J. 253 (1992).

Clio as Hostage: The United States Supreme Court and the Uses of History, 24 CAL. W. L. REV. 227 (1988).

Preface, Historical Race Relations Symposium, 17 RUTGERS L.J. 407 (1986).

The “Imperial Judiciary” in Historical Perspective, YEARBOOK 1984 SUP. CT. HIST. SOC’Y 61 (1985).

A Peculiar Conservatism and the Dorr Rebellion: Constitutional Clash in Jacksonian America, 22 AM. J. LEGAL HIST. 237 (1978).

Slavery and Abolition Before the United States Supreme Court, 1820–1860, 65 J. AM. HIST. 34 (1978).

The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America, 34 WM & MARY Q. 258 (1977).

Somerset: Lord Mansfield and the Legitimacy of Slavery in the Anglo-American World, 42 CHI. L. REV. 86 (1974).

Popular Sovereignty in the Dorr War: Conservative Counterblast, 32 R.I. HIST. 35 (1973).

The Place of Chief Judge Irving Lehman in American Constitutional Development, 60 AM. JEWISH HIST. Q. 280 (1971).

The Great Writ and Reconstruction: The Habeas Corpus Act of 1867, 36 J. SOUTHERN. HIST. 530 (1970). The Reconstruction of Federal Judicial Power 1863–1876, 13 AM. J. LEGAL HIST. 333 (1969).

The Nation and the State: 1868, 1968 WIS. L. REV. 312 (1968). The Origin of the United States Court of Claims, 20 ADMIN. L. REV. 387 (1968).

Book Chapters

Emancipation and Civic Status: The American Experience, 1865-1915, in THE PROMISES OF LIBERTY: THE HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT (Alexander Tsesis ed., 2010).

Rhode Island’s Distinctive Contribution to American Constitutional Development, in CONSTITUTION DAY: REFLECTIONS BY RESPECTED SCHOLARS (Patrick T. Conley ed., 2010).

The Stone and Vinson Courts (1941–1953): Transition and Transformation, in THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT: THE PURSUIT OF JUSTICE (Christopher Tomlin ed., 2005).

The Rise and Fall of Classical Legal Thought, in CONSTITUTIONALISM AND AMERICAN CULTURE (S. Van Burkleo et al. eds., 2002).

Sabotage, Treason, and Military Tribunals in World War II, in TOTAL WAR AND THE LAW: THE AMERICAN HOME FRONT IN WORLD WAR II (D. Ernst & V. Jew eds., 2002).

Joseph R. Lamar, in AMERICAN NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY (John A. Garraty & Mark C. Carnes eds., 1999).

Stanley Matthews, in AMERICAN NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY (John A. Garraty & Mark C. Carnes eds., 1999).

Felix Frankfurter, Supreme Court, Legal Thought and Jurisprudence, in READER’S GUIDE TO AMERICAN HISTORY (Peter J. Parish ed., 1997).

Sandra Day O'Connor, in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, 2nd ed. (John H. Garraty & Jerome L. Sternstein eds., 1996).

Scott v. Sandford, in THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS 1770–1772 (Donald C. Bacon et al. eds., 1995).

Murdock v. Memphis: Section 25 of the 1789 Judiciary Act and Judicial Federalism, in ORIGINS OF THE FEDERAL JUDICIARY: ESSAYS ON THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 (Maeva Marcus ed., 1992).

State Protection of Personal Liberty: Remembering the Future, in TOWARD A USABLE PAST: LIBERTY UNDER STATE CONSTITUTIONS (Paul Finkelman & Stephen E. Gottlieb eds., 1991).

United States Supreme Court, in THE HARRY S. TRUMAN ENCYCLOPEDIA (Richard S. Kirkendall ed., 1990).

The Liberal Critique of the U.S. Supreme Court, in GERMAN AND AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL THOUGHT: CONTEXTS, INTERACTION, AND HISTORICAL REALITIES (Hermann Wellenreuther ed., 1990), German translation, Die liberate Kritik an Obersten Gerischtshof der Yereinigten Staaten, in DIE AMERIKANISCHE VERFASSUNG UND DEUTSCH-AMERIKANISCHES VERFASSUNGSDENKEN (Hermann Wellenreuther ed., 1991).

Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: The Distinctiveness of the Southern Constitutional Experience, in AN UNCERTAIN TRADITION: CONSTITUTIONALISM AND THE HISTORY OF THE SOUTH (Kermit L. Hall & James W. Ely, Jr. eds., 1989).

The Blessings of Liberty: Slavery in the American Constitutional Order, in SLAVERY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: THE CONSTITUTION, EQUALITY, AND RACE (Robert A. Goldwin & Art Kaufman eds., 1988).

Slavery and the United States Constitution, in ZWEIHUNDERT JAHRE AMERIKANISCHE VERFASSUNG (ANGLISTIK & ENGLISCHUNTERRICHT, BD. 34) (Raimund Borgmeier ed., 1988).

The Witch at the Christening: Slavery and the Constitution's Origins, in THE FRAMING AND RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION (Leonard W. Levy & Dennis J. Mahoney eds., 1987).

Forty-eight articles in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION (Leonard M. Levy et al. eds., 1986).

Chief Justice Taney and his Court, in THIS CONSTITUTION (1985).

Judicial Systems, in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN POLITICAL HISTORY (Jack P. Greene ed., 1984).

Latimer: Lawyers, Abolitionists, and the Problem of Unjust Law, in ANTISLAVERY RECONSIDERED: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ABOLITIONISTS (Lewis Perry & Michael Fellman eds., 1979).

Dred Scott Case and Ex parte Merryman, in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOUTHERN HISTORY (David C. Roller & Robert W. Twyman eds., 1979).

The Reconstruction of Federal Judicial Power 1863–1876, in AMERICAN LAW AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER (Lawrence M. Friedman & Harry N. Scheiber eds., 1977).

Irving Lehman, in DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, Supplement Three; 1941–1945.

Reports, News, and Commentary

Voice of Troubled Intellectuals, SAT. REV., Jan. 3, 1970, at 23–25.

Book Reviews

Book Review, 15 AM. COMMUNIST HIST. 349 (2016) (reviewing ROBERT M. LICHTMAN, THE SUPREME COURT AND MCCARTHY-ERA REPRESSION: ONE HUNDRED DECISIONS).

BOOK REVIEW, 33 LAW & HIST. REV. 1017 (2015) (reviewing HERBERT HOVENKAMP, THE OPENING OF AMERICAN LAW: NEOCLASSICAL LEGAL THOUGHT, 1870–1970).